Problem definition: U.S. nonprofits declare three types of expenses in their IRS 990 forms: program spending to meet beneficiaries’ needs; fundraising spending to raise donations; and administrat…
Problem definition: Most humanitarian organizations (HOs) allow donors to earmark their donations (i.e., designate their contributions to a specific purpose). Allowing earmarking may increase donat…
Problem definition: Six million refugees have been living in camps in 2021 due to multiple armed conflicts worldwide. Regulations often impede refugees’ integration into host countries; thus, ref…