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Gisbertus Voetius (1589-1676) on the Freedom of the Will : an Elucidation of Andreas J. Beck's "The Will as Master of Its Own Act"
The divine causality and human's freedom were hotly debated topics during the early modern era between Reformed and Jesuits. Socinians, and the Remonstrants, particularly at the aftermath of the controversy between Jesuits and Dominicans in Congregatio de Auxiliis. Reformed's view was accused as teaching Stoic fatalism by its opponents. This paper will elucidate the view of Gisbertus Voetius, a Reformed theologian in the period of High Orthodoxy, on the freedom of the will, as exposed by Andreas J. Beck in his article, "The Will as Master of Its Own Act: a Disputation Rediscovered of Gisbrtus Voetius (1589-1676)" which was based on Voetius's forgotten Disputatio philosophico-theologico, continents quaestiones duas, de Dictinctione Attributorum divinorum, and Libertate Voluntatis, defended by Engelbertus Beckman in 1652 and presided by Voetius himself. It will show that for Voetius, human freedom was a formal principle of its own act and was compatible with hypothetcal necessities originated from divine decree, physical premotion, and ultimate practical judgement of the intellect. Functioning within these necessities, human freedom was not more necessitated by them than by itself.
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