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The impact of various demineralization steps of Cocoa Pod Husk on the performance of hard carbons for sodium batteries

Hard carbons are the most promising anode materials for Na-ion batteries (NIBs)
because of its high storage capacity and good cycling stability. Among the candidates of carbon
precursor for hard carbon, a biomass waste is the most appropriate sources of hard carbon
because of its low cost, availability, and environmental friendliness. In fact, the biomass waste itself is not a pure chemical, it contains different composition of lignocellulosic materials with
a wide variety of inorganic, leaving the complex behavior of each biomass precursor for the formation of microporous structure of hard carbon. Therefore, biomass preparation methods are
a critical step to achieve high performance anode material for NIBs. Herein, high-temperature calcination was used to synthesize hard carbon from cocoa pods husk (CPH). CPH itself
contains of 12 wt% inorganic, dominating by potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) ion. Different biomass preparation methods were investigated under two different calcination temperatures
(1100 and 1300 °C). The demineralization of biomass before calcination (Pre-demin), without
any demineralization (No-demin) and the demineralization step after calcination (Post-demin)
were investigated to the hard carbon performance as an anode for NIBs. The hard carbon
carbonized at 1300 °C with the Pre-demin step delivered total capacity about 310 mAh/g at 50
mA/g. The long-term stability test until 1000 cycle showed that hard carbon synthesized at 1300
°C with the Pre-demin step resulted in highest capacity and stability performance as compared
to the other preparation methods. On the other hand, in the hard carbon synthesized at 1100 °C,
the Post-water demin resulted in comparable capacity and performance as that of pre-demin.

Ketersediaan

Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

No. Panggil

-

Penerbit

: KICHE., 2019

Deskripsi Fisik

-

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

2384-1370

Klasifikasi

NONE

Tipe Isi

-

Tipe Media

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Tipe Pembawa

-

Edisi

-

Subjek

-

Info Detail Spesifik

Makalah dipresentasikan pada Korean Institute of Chemical Engineers Fall meeting 2019. 24-26 April 2019.

Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

Ratna Frida Susanti, Stevanus Alvin, Jaehoon Kim

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