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Testing Independence Under Biased Sampling

Testing for dependence between pairs of random variables is a fundamental problem in statistics. In some applications, data are subject to selection bias that can create spurious dependence. An important example is truncation models, in which observed pairs are restricted to a specific subset of the X-Y plane. Standard tests for independence are not suitable in such cases, and alternative tests that take the selection bias into account are required. Here, we generalize the notion of quasi-independence with respect to the sampling mechanism, and study the problem of detecting any deviations from it. We develop two tests statistics motivated by the classic Hoeffding’s statistic, and use two approaches to compute their distribution under the null: (i) a bootstrap-based approach, and (ii) a permutation-test with nonuniform probability of permutations. We also handle an important application to the case of censoring with truncation, by estimating the biased sampling mechanism from the data. We prove the validity of the tests, and show, using simulations, that they improve power compared to competing methods for important special cases. The tests are applied to four datasets, two that are subject to truncation, with and without censoring, and two to bias mechanisms related to length bias.

Ketersediaan

Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION (JASA); Vol.117 No.540 December 2022

No. Panggil

-

Penerbit

: .,

Deskripsi Fisik

p. 2194-2206

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

-

Klasifikasi

NONE

Tipe Isi

-

Tipe Media

-

Tipe Pembawa

-

Edisi

-

Subjek

MARKOV CHAIN MONTE CARLO
PERMUTATION TEST
TRUNCATION
QUASI-INDEPENDENCE
WEIGHTED DISTRIBUTION

Info Detail Spesifik

https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.2021.1912758

Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

Yaniv Tenzer, Micha Mandel, Or Zuk

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