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Hard Carbons Derived from Waste Tea Bag Powder as Anodes for Sodium Ion Battery
In recent years, biomass-based hard carbons have become main interest in sodiumbattery research
community because of the abundant availability, cheap and excellent electrochemical performance.
Here, hard carbons derived from waste tea bag powder have been prepared by hydrothermal
carbonization and then followed by the physical activation. The hard carbons possessed
sheet-like structures which contained sufficient mesopore and micropore structures to assist the
sodium ion transport and electrolyte penetration. The interlayer spacing of the obtained hard
carbons is larger than that of graphite which can allow the insertion/extraction of sodium ions
during charge-discharge process. When utilized as anodes for sodium ion batteries, the hard
carbons performed stable cycle profiles, maintaining a specific capacity of 193 mAh g−1 until
the 100th cycle at a current density of 100 mA g−1 and capacity of 127 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles
under a current density of 1000 mA g−1.
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