Optical vortex beams (VBs) carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) have shown significant multiplexing ability in radio-over-fiber communication by virtue of their intrinsic mode orthogonality. How…
Structured light beams (SLBs), mainly including vortex beams (VBs) and cylindrical vector beams (CVBs), have received significant attention in optical communications due to orthogonal orbital angul…
In this article, we present a W-band (3, 1) millimeter-wave vector signal generation based on frequency-quadrupled modulation and nonlinearities tolerant modulation by one Mach-Zehnder modulator (M…
Atmospheric turbulence in free-space will distort the helical phase-front of vortex beams (VBs) and cause mode diffusion, seriously hindering the practical application of optical orbital angular mo…