The generation and updating of solutions, e.g., crossover and mutation, of many existing evolutionary algorithms directly operate on decision variables. The operators are very time consuming for la…
The decoy-state method for the quantum key distribution (QKD) is a great countermeasure against the fatal photon number splitting attack. At present, the decoy-state method has been widely employed…
A/B test, a simple type of controlled experiment, refers to the statistical procedure of experimenting to compare two treatments applied to test subjects. For example, many IT companies frequently …
Recruitment plays a vital role in the ecological and evolutionary successes of social insect colonies. In this paper, we formulate a four-compartment model and its simplified version to explore how…
We demonstrate an 80 nm bandwidth (extending from 1529 to 1609 nm), dual-stage, diode-pumped, lumped Raman amplifier using a relatively short total length (2 km) of highly nonlinear fiber. The impa…
Radio frequency (RF) repeaters are often used in satellite communication, wireless wideband communication, and electronic warfare systems for signal receiving, forwarding, and processing. Due to fr…