Cooperative co-evolution (CC) is an evolutionary algorithm that adopts the divide-and-conquer strategy to solve large-scale optimization problems. It is difficult for CC to specify a suitable subpo…
Cooperative co-evolution (CC) is an efficient and practical evolutionary framework for solving large-scale optimization problems. The performance of CC is affected by the variable decomposition. An…
Ant colony optimization is a swarm intelligence metaheuristic inspired by the foraging behavior of some ant species. Ant colony optimization has been successfully applied to challenging optimizatio…